Improvement in loom for weaving- carpets



@sind 69Min.

`JOHN MARSDEN, OF HALIFAX,

ENGLAND, AssIGNoR To `JOHN CROSSLEY AND SIR FRANClSCROSLEY, OF PLACE.

Letters Patent No. 92,856, dated July 20, 1869; patented 'in Englaml, September 9, 1867.

IMPROVEMENT IN LOOM FOR yVV'EAV'IN'C-i- CARPETS.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

To all to whom 'it may concern:

' in and by thefollowing statement thereof; that is to say- First, my improvements consist in obtaining a dwell to the hatten during the throw of the shuttle, by causing the crank to work in a curved siot-formed in the connecting-rod or arm, one end of the rod or arm being` attached "to thelathe-sword, and the other end working in an oscillating guide.

Y Secondly, my improvements consist in a new combination and arrangement for working the shuttleboxes, and effecting the necessary changes required for the throwing in the different-colored wefts. A series of shuttle-boxes is arranged on each side of the loom, soY to work in a horizontal position in slides attached to the loom-frame, To the under side of' each series of boxes is attached a toothed rack, gearing into apinion fixed to the same axis as the .change or stud-wheel, the pins or studs of which are laid hold of by one of two catch-levers selected by the jacquard, and according as one or other of these levers is brought into action, the change-wheel is turned in one direction or the other, and a change of boxes takes place. The two catch-levers are on each side of the loom, carried by a sliding frame, working ,horizontally on fixed bars, and receiving motion from a crank-arm attached to the driving-shaft by a spring-clutch box. A pulley from the crank-arm works in a curved slot in the sliding frame, the motion of which, and of the catch-levers, is thus intermittent.- A small connecting-rod, placed between the two catch-levers, keeps them the required distance apart, so as to prevent `their both acting at the same time; and the levers themselves are so shaped that during their return movement, after a change of boxes, their inclined slides coming into contact with the pins of the changewheel, bring the levers again into their normal position, where they are retained by alatch-spring, tting into a suitable recess in a small arm, connected, by intermediate apparatus, with the catch-levers. The small arm is provided,also, with other two similar recesses, one on' each side of the first, so as -to retain the catches in proper position for acting ou the studwheel, when either of them is selected by the jacquard. The two 'rods from the jacquard, for selecting the catch-levers, are each formed in two parts, connected together by a spring, so that in case the jacquard were to get wrong, and both rods were to act together, no

breakage would occur. In order to prevent the pinwheel or shuttle-boxes from moving too far during the respective changes, each series of boxes is provided with a slotted bar, into the recesses of which a latchbar is caused to rise, by means of a spring, whenever a change of boxes takes place.` The clutch-box of the crank-arm which works the two catch-levers, is provided with a lever and spring, to keep the two parts of the clutch together, but so as to give way, to prevent breakage when the shuttle fails to box properly. To each of the two clutch-levers is attached one end of a connecting-rod, the other ends of which are fixed to a double bell-crank or 1 -shaped lever, in connection with the stop-motion, so that if the parts of the clutchbox at either side of the loom becomedisengaged, the loom is instantly stopped Thirdly, my improvements consist in additional means for preventing damage to the shuttle when the latter fails tocnter the box, and consists in cutting away that part of the lathe-sword which usually projects above the shuttle-race, and to which the handrail is ordinarily iixed. According to my improvement, the hand-rail is supported by a stud, fixed at some distance to the back or front part of the shuttlerace; and an adjustable guide-plate serves to guide the shuttle, after leaving the shed, fairly into its box,

while a finger carried by the lathe-sword brings up the weft to the fell of the cloth, to form a good selvage, but this nger is so arranged as to give way in case it comes in contact with the shuttle. A

Fourthly, my improvements relate to the pickingmotion, and consist of what I term a double clutchbox, working as follows: The picker-stick is fixed to a small lever-arm, the boss of which is mounted loosely on the top of the picking-shaft. The upper surface of this boss is recessed out, in the form of a square or other suitable form, and the end of the pickingshaft, which is also made square, projects into this recess. a lid or cap, having on its under surface a square pro.- jection, the Aoutside of which lits into the square recess of the boss, and the inner part of which projection is itself recessed, so as to t on to the square end` ofthe picking-shaft. When the three parts of the clutch are together, the motion of the picking-sha is communicated to the picker-stick but when the picker is not required to act, the jacquard lifts the lid or cap of the clutch-box ont of action, and thus the picker remains at rest. The bottom part of the pickingshaft is also provided with a spring-clutch box, which gives way to prevent breakage, in case the picker should strike against the end of the shuttle-boxes.

By theabove arrangement, the picker may act consecutively on either side of the loom any number of times, as desired.'

Fifthly, my improvements also relate to a new form The other part of the clutch-box consists of i before.

of frog, which I mount so as to turn on a centre, and I attach to an arm forming the lower part of the frog, a spring, which keeps it in propel' position against a fixed stop; but when the shuttle does not box properly, and the Lstop-rod consequently comes in contact with the frog, it overcomes the action of the spring, and causes the lower arm of the frog to strike a little lever connected with the motion for stopping the loom,-and,

at the same time, another part of the frog, coming in contact with the same fixed` stop before named, prevents the frog being driven too far back.

Sixthly, my improved letting-off motion consists ina double-action V-shaped brake, the two arms of which turn on a common stud or axis, and are of such form as to embrace both sides of a brakevpulley, having a corresponding V-formed periphery ixed on the axis of the warp-beam. Y Each arm of the brake is attached to a connecting-rod, and t'hes'etwo rods, at

their other ends, are xd to the same lever, in such positions that the motion of this lever tightens or slaokens both arms of .the .brake simultaneously. 'Iension is given to the warp-threads in the usual way by a weighted level', fixed at one end' of the axis of the yarn or whip-roller, and another small arm is fixed at the opposite end of this axis, which, as the warp is taken up in weaving, acts upon the lever connectedv scribe the drawings hereunto annexed, which represent a loom in which the several improvements above described are embodied.

The first improvement, which consists in a mode of .giving motion to the hatten, is most clearly seen on sheets 1 and 2 of the drawings, the hatten, and parts in connection therewith, being shown separately on this sheet.

Figure l is a side view, and

Figure 2, a plan View of these parts of the loom.

a is one of the lathe-swords, there being one such sword at each side of theoloorn, as usual.

Io the upper end of leach sword is jointed one end of a connecting-rod'or arm,b, in which is formed a curved slot, b1, to receive the pin of a crank, c, on the crank-shaft c.

The portioubf the arm b ,in which the curved slot is formed, is divided into two parts, bolted together, as clearly seen at fig. 1.

One of the parts is formed in one piece with the end I of the arm that is jointed to the lathe-sword, and the other part has attached to it a rod, b2.- 'lhe rod b'L thus forms a continuation of the connecting-rod, and it is, according to my invention, supported by, and caf pable of sliding endwise, to and fro, through the tubul'ar guide d; and to allow the inclination of the arm to vary as the batten is moved to and fro, the-tubular guide d is -supported. 011 horizontal axes d1, turning in bearings carried by' short projet tions standing out from the inner side of the framing ot' the loom.

In figs. 1 and 2 is also shown my improved manner of constructing the hatten of a loom, the lathe-sword a being cut away at that part which usually projects' above the shuttle-race, and the hand-rail e being supported by rods or studs el, fixed to curved arms e2, which stand out from the back ofthe shuttle-race.

ff are ngers jointed to the Vlathe-swords, and constantly acted on by spiral springs f1, as shown, which are'of sufficient strength to canse the fingers to press forward the weft-threads to the fell of the cloth, but

which would give way if they came in Contact with the shuttle. By this means additional security is obtained in that class of looms in which the shuttleboxes are detached from the lay, for the preventionof damage to the shuttle when the latter failsproperly to enter its box.

At Figure 3, sheets -3 and 4, is shown a side View of the loom; i

At Figure 4, sheets 5 and 6, a vertical section; and

A t Figure 5, sheet 7, a plan of one side of the same.

These figures .show clearly the manner in-whieh I prefer to' carry outithe improvements described under the second head of the specification.

In these figures g g are the series of shuttle-boxes, there being one s'uch series on each side of the loom. The manner in which each series of shuttle-boxes is formed is most clearly seen in the sectional view of the shuttle-boxes, shown on a larger scale at Figure G, sheet 8.

Each box is provided, as is usual, with a shuttlebinder, and is screwed, at its ends, to a metal frame, gx, which is formed with a feather, y1, projecting from each of its sides.

rIhe feather on the side of the frame which is toward the loom, is received in a groove in a metal bar, 71., bolted to the standard A of the main framing of the loom, and the feather on the outer side 'of the frame of lboxes is received in a similar groove in a bar, le?, bolted to the top of the outer standard B of the fiamn the under side of the frame of shuttle-boxes is a rack, g2, into which gears a pinion, It', on the axis k, upon which axis is the pinor stud-wheel k2, so that by turning the pin or stud-Wheel, the frame of shuttleboxes can be moved in either direction required.

l l are two catch-levers, formed with forks l,1 at their ends, which act on the studs 7c of the stud-wheel 7a2.

sliding frame, m, which is-formed with four bosses m', which are suitably bored, to allow of their sliding to and fro on the two parallel rods u u. These rods are 4ixed'at one end by bolts to a projection standing out from the outer standard B of the framing of the loom.

The frame ,fm has a curved slot, m2, formed in it .similar to the curved slot in the conneeting-rod or arm of the batten.

In the slot fm2 is received the pin of a crank, c2, on the crank-shaft c. The arms of this crank are on the same radial line as the arms of the crank c, so that the sliding frame will be held stationary at the saine time as the hatten, and during this time the shuttle is thrown as'will presently be described.

As soon as the hatten commences to move forward, the frame fm will likewise move forward, and if either 'one or other of the forks ll of the catch-levers l has been brought into a position to take hold of one or other of the Istuds 7c3 on the stud-wheel, it will turn the stud-wheel a distance in one or other direction, and then the pinion kl on the axis of the stud-wheel will traverse the sliding frame g of shuttle-boxes to a distance equal to the width of one box. Thev two catch-levers l are connected together by a rod, l2, and by this means the forks l1, at their outer ends, are held at such a distance apart that they cannot both be acting simultaneously on the studs of the stud-wheel.

The lower catch-lever is connected by a rod, l, to a lever-arm, 0*, ona shaft, o. On this shaft are two other arms, 0X", carrying pins, which pass through tus.

A The' shaft o also carries' a curved arc, o, in which are three notches or recesses o2, into one or other of which the end of the spring-catch q enters. The shaft o can thus be held fast in either of three positions.

o3 is a counterbalance-weight on the shaft o. Therods 1, which pass to the jacquard, are made in The levers l, at their opposite ends, are jointed to aslots p1, in rods p, passing from the jacquard-apparathrough any error in thejacquard, both rods were `caused to act together, no breakage would occur. 'lhe working of these rods by the jaequardtalres place dur- -ing the time the slidingifiame isat rest.

Ifthe rod p, working with the right-hand end ofthe lever, as seen ,in fig. 3,-be raised by the jacquard, then the catch-levers will both be raised, and will be held up by the spring-catch entering the left-hand notch of the curved are. Vhe-n the levers have been raised into .this position, the lower catch-lever will, when the frame m is moved ibrward, take hold of oneof th'e studs on the stud-'\vheel, and turn the wheel in such a direction that the pinion It', en its axis, shall shift the frame of shuttle-boxes gadistanee equal .to the width of one box towards the'bacli ofthe loom..

i If the rod 1), working with the left-hand end of the lever, in f.' 3, be raised bythe jacquard, then the catch-levers would be lowered,'and the upper catchlever would act'on the stud-wheel, thereby turning this wheel in a direction to move the flame of' shuttleboxes towards the front of the loom. j

1f neither of the rods be raised by the jacquard, then neitherot` the catch-levers will act on the stud-wheel, and the position of the frame of shuttle-boxes will not be shifted.

lm3 are stops fixed by bolts to the slid-ing frame fm. These stops are for preventing the catch-levers being raised or lowered too far.

lf the catch-levers have either been raised or lowered, and so caused, on the ibi-ward movement of the frame m, to act on the stud-wheel, they will, as the frame m is moved back, be brought back to their original central position, by the inclincs 1*, ou one or other of the catch-levers l heilig brought against one of the studs on the stud-wheel; the stud-wheel being at this 'time locked, and prevented from turning 'by the bolt or catch fr, which holds the frame of shuttle boxes from v moving.

The action of this catch I will now explain.

On` the under side of the frame of shuttle-boxcs is a 'notched bar, gi", and whenthe boxes are to be held fast, the bolt r, carried by the framing, is pressedy up into one or other of these notches. The bolt yr, at its lower end, is for this purpose connected to one arm of a lever, c, theother arm of which is drawn downward by a spring, sj This arm also carries a roller, frz, which isfacted on by arcam, t1, on thecam-shaft t. This 'cam acts upon the roller r2 just before the time that the shuttle-boxes have to be shifted, and by raising this roller, it withdraws the bolt rfrom the notched bar g, and Vso sets the shuttle-box frame free to be moved in either direction, and this motion is repeated' forevery revolution ofthe crank-shaft.

Whenever a change of boxes takes place, and'just v before the change is fully completed, thecam-suxface t recedes from the bolt tr2, and allows the spring s to raise the bolt 'r into contact with the notched bar g,

.so that immediately one of thenotchcd recesses arrives opposite the bolt,the latter at once locks into it,

.and prevents the further movement ofthe boxes.

The spring-clutch box, by which the crank-arm c2 is connected with the crank-shatt c, and which has to give way whenever the shuttle fails to box properly, is shown separately on a larger scale at Figures 7 and S, sheet 9.

In these figures c is the end of the crank-shaft, on which is a collar, c", which can slide endwise on the sbaft, but is prevented from turning around it by a feather.

(ln the collar is a projection, c, which enters a corresponding recess inthe boss of the crank-arm 62.1 The collar is pressed constantly towards the boss by the lever u, which is connected, by means of the rod ul, to

sliding to and fro through the guides y1 on the fram` ing, and a collar, el, upon it` is constantly drawn against the side'of the lever u by a small coil-spring, c2, one end of which is ixedto the rod, and the other to the framing of theloom.

The rod o is connected to one arm of the T-lever w,and to the opposite armof this lever is attached a connecting-rod, wl, which passes near another catchlever, u, on the opposite side of the loom, in a similar manner to that already `described in reference to the` rod c, so that if either of the clutch-levers at one or other side of the loom be turned, thc T-lever w will be turned likewise, and the third arm of this lever being connected by the rod w2 with the disengaging-gear of the loom, the loomwill at once be stopped. j

The engaging and disengaging-gear of the loom is not shown `lin the drawing, as its construction is well understood.

I will now describe more fully that part of my invention which relates to the picking-motion.

`:tl is the picker-staff, bolted to the quadrant n?, the boss of which can turn loosely around theiupper end 'of the picking-shaft y, which is supported in suitable bearingsbolted to the framing of the loom. The boss of the quadrant can, however, be madefast with -the picking-shaft bya clutch, operated by theijacquard.

This clutch is shown separately on a larger scale at Figures 9, 10,' and 11, sheet 9.

square 'fox-m, as seen most clearly in the sectional view,- iig. 9, and the end of the picking-shaft, which projects up into this recess, is similarly made square in section, or in place of the end of the shaft and therccess heilig square, they might be of other form.

z is the lid or cap, which fits over the end of the picking-shaft, and also lits into the recess in theboss x2, so that if the cap be lowered into the recess in the boss, the` picker-stati` will be made fast on'its shaft, and if'thc cap be raised out of the recess, the pickerstaff will be loose on the shaft.

To govern the raising and lowering of the cap, a rod,

,z, fixed to the top of the cap, is, by levers zcon nectedto the jacquard.

By Vthis arrangement, the order in which the shuttles are thrown from the two'sides of the loom is very readily governed, as the picker on either side of the loom may, by the jacquard, be caused to act consecu' tively for any desired number of times.

The drawings show the pickers x to be each sup-' ported by two picker-rods nu", which` are above the frames of shuttle-boxes, and are carried at their ends by short standards x4, bolted to the framing of the loom.

1u order Vto prevent breakage, in casev the picker should strike against theend of the shuttle-boxes, the picking-shaft has motion transmitted to it through a spring-clutch box.

This clutch-box is shown separately on a larger" scale at Figures 12 and 13, sheet 10and is similar to that` shown at iigs. 7 and S,.except that in this ease the two parts of thel clutch are drawn together by a coiled spring', inv the 'manner shown in the side view, .L l2. y

gThe lower half of the clutch (which, if the parts of the. clutch are not held together, turns freely'around the picking-shaft) is, by a strap 1, connected to the :longer arm of a lever,` 2,the shorter arm of which lever is at intervals struck by a tappet, 3, carried by a disk on the cam-shaft, and thus a partial rotary motion is at intervals given to the lower half of the clutch-box, and this motion is, through the clutch, transmitted to the picking-shaft, but if this shaft is not l'rce to turn, in consequence of the picker having struck against the end of a shuttlbox, then the springclutch gives way, and no injury arises.

When thel tappet has passed beyond the end of the short arm of the lever 2, the picking-shaft is brought back to its former position by a strap passing from it to a coiled spring, 4, carried by the framing of the loom.

The picker-staff is also similarly 'drawn back b'y another spring, 4", connected by a strap to the boss ci. As a shuttle passes across the space between the end of its box and the shuttle-race, it is supported on a plate, gi, which carries the weft-detector, as is usual, and the shuttle is guided correctly into the shed by a plate, g5, which is made adjustable in every direction,

as shownl in the separate view of these parts at Figures 14 and 15.

My fth improvement, which relates to a new fo1m of frog, is seen most clearly in figs. 1 and 2, sheets 1 and 2.

5 is the frog mounted Von a stud, carried by the framing of the loom.

- .6 isa fixed stop, which' is received in a slot or recess, 5", in thc-frog, and which limits the distance the frog can be turned in both directions.

5" is a lever-arm, forming 'the lower part of the frog, and to the lower end of this lever is attached a coiled spring, 7, which ordinarily holds the lower end of the slot in theV frog against the fixed stop 6. 1f, however, the shuttle fails properly to enter its box,

the pawl or stop-rod 8, carried by an axis, 9, passing from side to Side of the hatten, will engage with the notch in the frog, and when-the battenis moved forward, this stop-rod will, by overpowering the spring 7, turn the frog until the toprof the slot 5x comes against the fixed stop Vh'en the frog is thus turned, the lever 5" strikes against the small lever 10, which, by the rod 11, is connected with the disengaging-gear of the loom, and by turning this lever, the loom is disengaged from the driving-gear, and at once stopped.

1f the shuttle properly enters its box at one or other side ofthe loom, then the stop-rod 8 is, for 'a time, raised up, so that itshall not act on the notch in the frog, by leasen of 'the shnttle-binder coming against and depressing the upper arm of the' lever 12, the lower arm of which level-then pressesdown a short arm, 9", on the axis of the stop-rod, and so raises and holds 'up the stop-rod until its forward end has, by the forward movement of the hatten, been carried beyond the? notch in the frog.

My last improvement, which relates to a let-off motion, is shown at Figures 18 and -1), sheet 11.

In these figures a. is the warp-beam, on the axis of whiclLis a brake-pulley, b.

c c are two curved arms, both turning on one pin, d, below the brake-pulley.

The brahe-puley has a-V-groove formed around it, and the curved arms are of a corresponding form.

Erom-the upper ends of theseY arms, rods e pass to pins f, which enter in tov slots in the lever g.

The upper end of the lever is constantly acted on by a coiled spring, h., so as to turn the lever into the position shown at tig. 18. The ends of the slots in the lever will then draw Vupward the rods c, attached to the ends of the curved friction-levers, and cause these levers to press against the circumferenceeof the brakepulley.

Vhen more warp is required, a lever-arm on the axis of the whip-roller, over which the wal-ps pass in the usual manner, comes against the brake-lever arm g, 'and vovercoming lthel spring h, turns this arm, and diminishes the friction' on the brake-pulley, and so lets oft' or unwinds a portion of the warp.

it 'understood that what I claim, is

1. The combination ofthe batten of the loom with the slotted connecting-rod, the oscillating guide, and the crank, substantially as Vbefore set forth.

2;Y Also, the combination ofthe series of vtraversing shuttle-boxes, with the rack and pinion, the changethe change-wheel, according to the indications of the. pattermmechanism, all constructed to operate substantially as before set forth.

slotted sliding frame which carries them, the crank, and the spring-clutch box, vsubstantially as before set forth.

4. Also, the combination of the said catch-levers, the slotted sliding frame, the crank, the spring-clutch box, and the stop-motion, substantially'as before set forth.

5. Also, the combination of the two catch-levers, the coupling-rod connecting them, the recessed curved arc, and the spring-catch that engages in the recesses of said arc, to hold ,the levers in the positions deterfore set forth.

6. Also, the combination of the catch-levers with the pattern-mechanism, through the intervention of together by a spring, substantially as before set forth;

7. Also, the combination of the series of shuttlequired position, and with the cam, to cont-rol said locking, substantially as before set forth.

S. Also, the combination of the instruments for moving the traversing series of shuttle-boxes, with the crank-shaft, through the intervention of the springclutch, so as to prevent breakage, in case a shuttle fails to box properly, substantially as before set forth.

9. Also, the combination. of the instruments for moving the traversing series of shuttle-boxes, the shaft, for imparting motion to them, the spring-clutch, ,and the T-shaped lever, connectedwith the stop-motion of the loom, substantially as before sc t forth.

10. Also, the combination of the picker-staff,y the picking-sliaft,the clutch, and the pattern-mechanism, operating said clutch for the purpose of controlling the throwing of the shuttle, substantially as before set forth.

11. Also, the combination of the picker-staff, the picking-shaft, and the spring-clutch, which yields and prevents breakage when the picker-staff. strikes the end of a shgttle-box, substantially as before set forth.

12. Also, thc combination .of the battcu of the loom, thestop-rod, the y\f'ibratable frog, the spring, and the rod connected'witlrthe disengagng-rnechauism of the loom, so as to stop the loom in case the shuttle fails to box, substantially as before set forth.

13. Also, the combination of the warp-beam, the brake-pulley, the curved arms, the vibrating brakelever, and the whip-roller, substantially as before set forth.

' JOI-1N MARSDEN.

Witnesses:

G. (lonnINGLEY,

Mmmfectares Clerk, Halifax. J AMns Fnwcnr'r, f

0j'. No. 5 Square, Halifax, Attorney/s C'lcrk.

and the manner of performing the same, I would have wheel, and the reciprocating catch-levers, for moving' 3. Also, the combination of the catch-levers, the

mined by the pattern-mechanism, substantially as be- .f

divided connecting-rods, the `parts'of which are held boxes with the stop for'locking said series in the re- 

